Description And Function Of Mutagenesis - 1345 Words

Site-directed mutagenesis is a method used to construct amino acid changes in a protein in order to test the function of a specific amino acid. It is the way to study protein structure and function change the amino acid sequence of a protein by altering the DNA sequence of cloned gene4. A particular amino acid is very important in catalytic activity, ligand binding, protein folding or other function. Amino acid residue significance is tested by making conservative substitutions or by changing the amino acid to either alanine or glycine. Site-directed mutagenesis is also used to construct compensatory mutations, which are used to show the importance of specific interactions by making changes in both interacting partners. Each change individual destroy the interaction and combination of changes restores the interaction. These type of experiments are typically between two protein or between protein and nucleic acid. Used site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the interaction between h Pol k and DNA1. DNA polymerase kappa is a Y-family polymerase that use to bypass the damage DNA as translesion synthesis polymerase. In prostate cancer has reported that it has higher frequency of mutation in DNA polymerase kappa. 28% of patients have somatic mutations in POLK gene of prostate tumor and dominated by C- to –T transition2. Approximately 30,000 DNA lesions occur per cell per day in mammalian cells. This damage to DNA can lead to cell death as well as disease such as cancer.Show MoreRelatedTopology of the Membrane-Bound 1069 Words   |  4 Pagescomplement protein C9 probed by glycosylation mapping, anti-peptide antibody binding, and disulfide modification Và ©ronique Rossia,b, Yunxia Wanga,1, Alfred F. Essera,âˆâ€" Introduction and background: Although the importance of human complement C9 in MAC1 function remains unchallenged, the exact mechanism by which C9 induces internalization of the MAC1 complex into pathogenic membranes is unclear. Since the early 1980s, multiple functional properties of C9 have been defined encouraging the creation of severalRead MoreThe Merkel Cell ( Mcc )1459 Words   |  6 PagesBackground: The Merkel Cell was identified in 1875 by Friedrich Sigmund Merkel, who was the president of the University of Rostock, as well as a professor and physician. Sigmund provided the first full description of Merkel cells and revealed that the merkel cell was a component of the touch receptor. (Halata et al., 2003) MCC was first reported in 1972 by Cyril Toker as â€Å"trabecular carcinoma of the skin† that was mainly found in elderly patients. (Journalof Skin Cancer. 2013). Soon after, They wereRead MoreThree Important Findings From This Study1414 Words   |  6 PagesAdenosine-to-inosine RNA editing Promotes cancer progression and therapeutic resistance by contributing to LSC self-renewal Activated by JAK2 signaling E. LIN28b/Let-7 axis The expression of let-7 family is required for developmental timing and tumour suppressor function, but must be suppressed for the self-renewal of stem cells (3). Biogenesis of let-7 is regulated by LIN28b (3). Findings in the article suggest that JAK2 signaling â€Å"increases LIN28B pluripotency gene expression and inhibit the expression of let-7Read More P-type ATPases Essay2118 Words   |  9 Pagesis the transport of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. It is this Na+/K+ ATPase that J.C Skou discovered, and worked on for most of his academic career (Skou 1997). The fundamental basis of the P-type ATPases ability to function is its capacity to form 2 conformational states, E1 and E2. Both of these states are ion-binding, one allowing intramembrane ion binding, and the other with an extramembrane ion binding site. The Na+/K+ ATPase is an anti-porter, transporting Na+Read MoreSmall Molecule Of Voltage Gated Sodium Channels4776 Words   |  20 Pagescomplex nanomachines and the details of their workings have only recently started to become clear. Here we review  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ with emphasis on the computational studies – some of the major milestones in the long-standing search of a quantitative microscopic description of the molecular mechanism and modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels. Physiological Role of Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (VGSCs) To respond to changes in the external environment, cells propagate electrical signals generated by transient

Essay on The European Renaissance - 2182 Words

After the great advances of what is now ancient Greece and Rome, also known as the â€Å"classics†; Europe fell into a period of darkness. Within it, learning was suppressed and knowledge didn’t advance. However, by a turn into the 1400’s, there was a â€Å"rebirth† of learning: the Renaissance. The Renaissance was marked by an intense awaking in the visible world and in the knowledge derived from the experiences rather than religion and wise tales. It turned away from the abstract speculations and interest in life after death which is characterized in the Middle Ages. Although Christianity was not forgotten completely, the holy culture of the Middle Ages were largely rejected. The interest in classical literature began in the Middle Ages. The late†¦show more content†¦In the era of the Renaissance, William Shakespeare emerged as a great playwright and poet. However, it would be until centuries later that he would be famous for the impact of his literary work. Shakespeare is recognized for his plays, that depicted the immense social, ethical, and political issues of his own age. His literary contributions were an essential measure to Englands transformation. Shakespeares production of the plays Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and A Midsummer Nights Dream were just among many he produced. In addition to his plays, he also composed over a hundred sonnets. William Shakespeare came from humble origins. He was born in the quaint market town of Stratford-Upon-Avon, which is ninety miles northwest of London. His birth date still remains a mystery, but he first came to public notice on April 26, 1564; on the day his baptism was first recorded in the Par ish Church of Stratford-Upon-Avon. However, his birthday is traditionally on April 23, 1564. He married Anne Hathaway and had several children. His plays reflect many of the questions that were being asked during the Renaissance Movement. 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A Discussion on the Thoughts and Philosophies of Pericles Free Essays

string(86) " the connection between the father and the son as both grow further towards maturity\." Introduction It is innate among humans to be fascinated by the different things that they particularly see around them (Durant, 1986, 10). It could not be denied then that through the years, this particular fascination within the different elements that could be seen in the human environment actually developed into the many discoveries and inventions that humans produced (Sternberg, 1989, 31). Through passing civilization of humans, it could be observed that the people were never contented with what they already have or what they have already accomplished. We will write a custom essay sample on A Discussion on the Thoughts and Philosophies of Pericles or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is especially true in terms of science and technology as well as in arts and literature (Ambuel, 2006, 15). It is indeed undeniable that people recreate the things that are already existent within their own society.   The fact that they have already been able to see what they could do regarding a certain type of field (Cooper, 1997, 18), they intend to even do better the net time that they deal with the same invention. Yes, humans never get tired of reinventing everything there is in the environment. Why is this so? Human intelligence has always been noted by philosophers as the primary factor that makes the human creation different from that of the other God-made creations. The humans’ ability to innovate their own achievements to even better results for the present generation to see, has particularly noted them to be those who are capable of reinventing themselves to be able to evolve from generations to generations. (Corlett, 2005, 17) To discuss this particular fact further, take an example of the human literature. It is overwhelming enough to see that the society today is already flooded by the many informations that are presented to humans through the printed pages of literature. More than that, the emergence of internet technology has paved the way even for amateur writers to make mention of their thoughts to the world for them to be appreciated and particularly affect other’s opinions as well (Cooper, 1997, 10). Literature before was primarily defined as an art of writing that follows certain rules that are strict enough to keep its standards within the classical range of reading. However, when the different generations along with the historical events covered the human generation’s development (Ambuel, 2006, 15), the art of literature became one of the major process by which humans intended to express their thoughts and their predicaments about the things that are going on in the world. As a result, more and more people joined the bandwagon of writing and began to share their thoughts to the world with regards the issues that primarily concern the human society today. (Bakalis, 2005, 17) This particular progress in literature has primarily been further fueled by the democratic arrangement of the major governments around the world, giving a chance for the freedom of human expression. It is through this that people became more aware of the world around them, they cared more than ever with the political agendas, the social issues as well as other informations that concern their interests (Cooper, 2005, 16). True, the changing situation in the society and the demand towards progress requires that human intelligence be perfected in a way that it particularly caters to the needs of the entire humanity. The human brain’s ability to store and restructure informations that were accepted by it through the years of an individual’s life is particularly a proof that the application of humans’ intelligence could still be perfected as generations are still to come along. (Allen, 2006, 18) In the same idea, both the philosophers Plato and Pericles believed that humans are indeed capable of being highly involved with developments as they are certainly given the idealism of becoming the best at anything. They use their instinct accompanied by their need of fulfilling what they particularly opt to find out about life as a satisfaction to their curious minds (Sternberg, 1989, 14). Although both philosophers believed in this particular through, they did have different approaches in presenting the truth about their claims (Cooper, 1997, 13). To understand the issue better, the thoughts and philosophies of both Pericles and Plato shall be discussed within the paragraphs that follow in two separate presentations. The Thoughts of Plato Plato has been widely known in the human history of philosophy as the establisher of the western culture. His succession on the position left by Aristotle and Socrates has noted him to be among the most intelligent people who have lived in human history (Corlett, 1997, 25). His special skills in literature and the mind boggling explanation of human philosophy has particularly allowed him to become one of the most sought after philosophers of the world. As a philosopher, Plato has been known for his ability to validate his claims through mathematical pattern of assumptions as he present his ideas through his writings (Corlett, 2005, 27). The possibilities and the calculation of how the human mind reacts to certain situations has been noted to be among the best expertise of Plato himself. As one of the foundations of human philosophy, Plato contributed so much on the knowledge of people at present. Plato has been known for the presentation of his thoughts through the use of dialogues. The conversations between people have been utilized by Plato as a way by which he could convey his ideas to the people. Moreover, the said dialogues discussed different issues of human elements that could noticeably be used to explain the different difficulties that could be considered when the topic about human behavior comes into attention. (Durant, 1986, 31) Among the consequential issues that his dialogues mainly cater to are that of the father and son relationship, the truth behind the human realism, and the ability of humans to perceive the truth from illusionary imaginations (Bakalis, 205, 93). On the first issue cited herein, the relation of father and son have always fascinated the mind of Plato as he tries to identify the connection between the father and the son as both grow further towards maturity. You read "A Discussion on the Thoughts and Philosophies of Pericles" in category "Essay examples" Among the answers he usually opt to discuss is that of the ways by which the values that the father implies on the son contribute to the personal growth and being of that particular individual. Most likely, Plato has long been trying to identify how the elements of fatherhood actually influence the acceptance of different individuals of the teachings, thus applying them as values for themselves to learn from and later on apply in their o wn systems of living. The second issue presented is on the realism of the human population. This particularly points out to the ability of humans to use their reasoning and their intelligent judgment of the things that they hear, they see, and they observe, thus defining on which one is actually true and which one is on the other hand imaginary. True, people have this particular ability of knowing what is real from what is not. However, the reasoning behind such ability is somewhat complex, and this is what actually moved Plato to identify the factors that affect the human judgment on such elemental factors in the human society. The third topic of attention is that of the imaginative abilities of humans. True, humans enjoy the fact that they are able to imagine different things as a part of their intellectual capabilities. When feeling down and depressed, people usually use their capabilities of imagining things to at least ease them from the truths of their present situation. However, although many consider imagination as gift, it could not be denied that the human ability of coming back to reality could still help them set their decision on which one is the real situation differentiating it from the imaginary elements that they themselves have created in their minds.(Ambuel,2006, 15) Through these thoughts, Plato also tried to imply on his writing the idea on the â€Å"real world†, whereas he refers to the present system of things to be just a shadow of the real world, referring to the people at present as those who are living in an imaginary world. True, this thought might seem quite confusing at some point. However, if closely observed, it could not be denied that the situation is quite obvious. It all boils down to the reality of the people. Because of the fact that humans are less able to become realistic with who they are, they are then consequently living their lives in an unrealistic world that makes it even harder for themselves to â€Å"zap† back into the real life that they ought to face. This is in correspondence to the doubts of humans as to why they are at times in trouble of finding what they really want out of living on earth. The Thoughts of Pericles Pericles has been known to be among the list of the most successful ancient politicians of the human history. This is most likely because of the skill that he himself has faced during his rule in Athens. Even when he was still on his way in being inspired in becoming an icon of the public, he knew that the responsibility that he was about to take was not that easy to fulfill (Corlett, 2005, 48). This is when he was actually able to take into consideration the understanding that he must gain with regards the philosophical make up of humankind. Dealing with people of different individualities naturally urged Pericles to search in an in-depth way on the beliefs and the elements that contribute to human behavior and development. Hence, he has also be fascinatingly interested in human philosophical education. As he progressed in the learning, he himself has been urged to bring out the best among the people that he led. Particularly referring to the ability of humans to speak out their minds for others to hear their thoughts, he implied amongst his people the importance of one’s ability to at least freely speak off their minds to the public (Cooper, 1997, 18). This, according to him, is one of the most important rights a person could have, a certain process by which an individual would be able to experience the reality of life that he is supposed to live with. Conclusion Yes, it is indeed true that the human intelligence continues to grow through the years of its history. With the contributed foundation by those who have led the way in understanding the human capability of thinking and acting upon what they believe in, the human society today is now more confident in what they believe in, more expressive of their thoughts and more imaginative on their ways of facing the truth of their lives. From the discussion presented above, it could be observed that Plato particularly proffered on discussion the abstract factors that contribute to the continuous improvement of human intelligence. Moreover, the said thought has been mainly established by the philosopher through explaining his claims using the different dimensions of math and human philosophy. Constantly referring to the ability of the mind to imagine and to bring its thought back to reality has noted Plato as one of the most remarkable philosophers who were able to unlock the truth behind human imagination. On the other hand, Pericles has been mostly focused on the ability of humans to disperse their thoughts and actually affect the society that they are living in. It is through their freedom of speaking their thoughts off to the public that they are able to make the necessary changes that they ought to contribute to their communities. Certainly, if observed closely, Percles’ and Plato’s belief on the capabilities of humans to use their capabilities well explains how the human intelligence is actually used in the systems by which the human civilization progresses towards modernity. As people are able to imagine and disperse their thoughts to others, they are able to make different, at times even great changes to the societies that they are living in. The thoughts of the two philosophers as discussed herein could be noted as one of the most important influence that they both have left the human society. REFERENCES: Robert J. Sternberg. (1989). Handbook of Human Intelligence. Cambridge University Press. Allen, R.E. (2006). Studies in Plato’s Metaphysics II. Parmenides Publishing. ISBN 978-1-930972-18-6 Ambuel, David (2006). Image and Paradigm in Plato’s Sophist. Parmenides Publishing. ISBN 978-1-930972-004-9 Bakalis, Nikolaos (2005). Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From Thales to the Stoics Analysis and Fragments, Trafford Publishing ISBN 1-4120-4843-5 Cooper, John M. Hutchinson, D. S. (Eds.) (1997). Plato: Complete Works. Hackett Publishing Co., Inc. ISBN 0-87220-349-2. Corlett, J. Angelo (2005). Interpreting Plato’s Dialogues. Parmenides Publishing. ISBN 978-1-930972-02-5 Durant, Will (1986). The Story of Philosophy. Simon Schuster. ISBN 0-671-69500-2. Lawrence S. Cunningham and John J. Reich. Culture Values: A SURVEY OF THE HUMANITIES, volume one/sixth edition,   Library of Congress Control Number: 2005923993. How to cite A Discussion on the Thoughts and Philosophies of Pericles, Essay examples

Personal Observation Essay Example For Students

Personal Observation Essay An amazing wit, an outrageous sense of humor, an worldly knowledge about life are all things that amazing sophomore, Julie Rhettington. Suffering her younger years, Cassan learned to cope with insurmountable trauma. She learned to take care for direction. Although this put a strain on a diagnosis her family recently received, her The news took its toll, but Julie has risen from and has become an amazing and vibrant young been through, what makes this fifteen-year-old Blessed with a hilarious sense of humor, Julie funny. She looks beyond momentary dramas and sees situations. Recently one such instance arose. deciding what we should do for a friends going everything was destined to go wrong. The worst planning adventure was making our friend Katie goodbyes. Time and time again the tape would cut re-record, etc. Using that wit of hers, Julie and turned the tape into this incredibly funny inside joke. We started making up songs and doing little skits and let everyone. Making the tape a joke us to excuse away all of the awkward pauses and start-overs, etc. Julies demeanor also helped de-stress the evening and made the party a Although usually thought to be an immature Julies ability to focus on the humor has helped Another amazing quality Julie has is her The ultimate optimist, Julie has this spark that makes most people love just being around her. of the various struggles she has been through, has a very compassionate understanding when people with their troubles. She is an excellent giver and a realistic problem solver. Julie has a smile on her face and is ready to make else feel good about them self. For instance, my friend Katie had a problem with her family and Julies kind words and listening ear helped better the entire situation. Julies spark has helped her in her own problems. Her ability to be loving has helped her forgive her sister and kept as the apple of her fathers eye. Although she that her father will probably pass on before she graduates from high school, gets married, or has children, Julie lives day to day with a positive Another admirable aspect of Julie is her strong faced with strong obstacles loose hope and turn teachings. After dealings in witchcraft and Episcopalian background, through her friend Christian. She has since turned her life around chance for a life without drugs, alcohol, etc. regularly and is an instrumental part of the has since lead her best friend, Rachel to Christ others. Although many would falter under all remains strong. Also, instead of self-pity for dealt, Julie shows gratitude for her life Julies extraordinary strength she would say love for her and his presence in her life. Julie is one of the most special people I joke that she is my ?adopted? little sister. We each other as big sis and little sis. other great qualities make her one of my favorite world. Her ability to have a great attitude about gives me a respect for her that I dont give to is a truly special girl and I hope that her Bibliography: .